Articolo del Prof. Vittorio Elia in merito alla Ricerca scientifica sulle Alte Diluizioni (EDS – Extremely Diluted Solutions).
Recent studies on the existence of an Exclusion Zone (EZ) at the interface solid/water of a hydrophilic membrane of synthetic nature, Nafion, showed unexpected scenarios involving the properties of water.
This extraordinary liquid shows to have great ability to mutate over its molecular structure in a specific manner according to the chemical nature of the hydrophilic polymer, which has come into contact. The highlight of the complex phenomenology detected is linked to the application of an iterative procedure.
In the early stages of the chemical and physical parameters, applications do not show large variations. Often the numerical values increased by values very close to experimental error of the utilized methodology.
Often these small variations cause the experimenter to abandon the search. The application of the iterative method has allowed us to get into an unknown field today but full of positive and surprising results.
The application of the iterative methodology to water in contact with hydrophilic polymers, suggests that even for the EDS homeopathic dilutions (Extremely Diluted Solutions) we are facing in substantially the same process responsible of the large variations of the physical chemical properties of water.
In the course of these researches, it has been exhaustively demonstrated that the variations of watching you chemical and physical parameters are not due to the chemical nature phenomena dependent on the release of impurities. The polymer most studied in this respect was the Nafion.
The chemical and physical parameters measured and who exhibited considerable variation, up to three orders of magnitude, are: χ electrical conductivity (mS cm-1), pH, density (g cm-3), heat of mixing with acids and / or with bases, UV absorbance, fluorescence microscopy, Atomic Force microscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy and Transmission and Thermogravimetric Analysis.
In the specific case of Nafion the iterative procedure, adopted most often consists of immersing the polymer film in MilliQ water, wait until it is completely hydrated, perform a delicate mechanical operation on the surface of the polymer with the purpose of removing EZ tufts from the polymer and transferring them to water.
Leave to dry Nafion. It iterates the procedure immersing the film already in the water changed. It should be emphasized that the variations obtained in the chemical and physical parameters are the same whether they strive pieces of new polymer or if you iterate for months or years the same piece of Nafion.
We believe that the EZ tufts, which have been transported within the liquid, are constituted by aggregates of water molecules. The physical-chemical methodologies that most directly support this working hypothesis are Fluorescence microscopy, AFM Atomic Force, Electronic scanning, SEM and TEM transmittance.
Naturally, the operator have paid much attention to avoiding contamination of the liquid by systematic physical chemical and analytical nature controls. This transaction was made even more necessary when they were first identified the latest chemical and physical parameters that characterize this new type of water we named “perturbed water”, Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectra. In this case, it was necessary to search for organic and biological contaminants as possible pollutants responsible for the two types of spectra, typical of biological macromolecules.
This has made it possible to exclude this hypothesis. Studies on the chemical and physical changes induced by the presence of the synthetic polymer Nafion have been extended to other hydrophilic polymers derived from natural substances and in particular from cellulose derivatives.
The most extensive work on experimental design covered the cotton wool, currently under submission for publication. To highlight the capabilities of liquid water to “recognize” the chemical nature of the polymer just highlight the fact that the Nafion polymer is capable of making the water with which it came into contact in an iterative manner strongly acidic. The cellulose polymer, on the other hand makes it alkaline. Differences and peculiarities!
As part of the positive effects of this research topic to homeopathic dilutions (EDS) is enough to mention the fact that both the perturbed water for contact with hydrophilic polymers that homeopathic dilutions show great similarities in chemical and physical changes.
Recent studies on the existence of an Exclusion Zone (EZ) solid interface / water of a hydrophilic membrane of synthetic nature, Nafion, have highlighted unsuspected scenarios involving the properties of water.
This extraordinary liquid shows to have great ability to mutate over its molecular structure in a specific manner according to the chemical nature of the hydrophilic polymer, which has come into contact. The highlight of the complex phenomenology detected is linked to the application of an iterative procedure.
In the early stages of the applications, do not show significant variations of chemical and physical parameters. Often the numerical values increased by values very close to experimental error of the utilized methodology. Often these small variations cause the experimenter to abandon the search.
The application of the iterative method has allowed us to get into an unknown field today but full of positive and surprising results. We have exhaustively demonstrated that the variations of chemical and physical parameters are not due to the chemical nature phenomena dependent on the release of impurities.
The polymer most studied in this respect was the Nafion. The chemical and physical parameters measured and who exhibited considerable variation, up to three orders of magnitude, are: χ electrical conductivity (mS cm-1), pH, density (g cm-3), heat of mixing with acids and / or with bases, UV absorbance, fluorescence microscopy, Atomic Force microscopy, Scanning Electron microscopy and Transmission and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis.
These variations were obtained by adopting an iterative technique that allows, after a certain number of iterations, to highlight measurable variations and therefore outside of experimental error. In the specific case of Nafion the iterative procedure, adopted most often consists of immersing the polymer film in MilliQ water, wait until it completely hydrated, perform a delicate mechanical operation on the surface of the polymer with the purpose of removing EZ clumps from the polymer and transferring them to water.
Leave to dry Nafion. It iterates the procedure immersing the film already in the water changed. It must emphasized that the variations obtained in the chemical and physical parameters are the same whether they strive pieces of new polymer or whether they have already used for years or months.
The physical-chemical methodologies that most directly support this working hypothesis are Fluorescence (AFM), Atomic Force Electronic Scanning (SEM) and (TEM) Transmittance Microscopies. Of course, the operator has paid much attention to avoiding contamination of the liquid by making systematic checks with the techniques of analytical chemistry. We named this new kind of water “perturbed water”.
Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence spectra are also common to EDS. In this case, it was necessary to search for organic and biological contaminants as possible pollutants responsible for the two types of spectra, typical of biological macromolecules. This has made possible to exclude this hypothesis.
Studies on the chemical and physical changes induced by the presence of the synthetic polymer Nafion have been extended to other hydrophilic polymers derived from natural substances and in particular from cellulose derivatives.
The most extensive work on experimental design covered the cotton wool, currently under submission for publication. To highlight the capabilities of liquid water to “recognize” the chemical nature of the polymer just highlight the fact that the Nafion polymer is capable of making the water with which it came into contact in an iterative manner strongly acidic.
The cellulose polymer, on the other hand makes it alkaline. Differences and peculiarities!
We are therefore faced with a common phenomenon in all types of the perturbed waters examined by us. In essence, a general phenomenon characterizes the water!
All kinds of perturbed waters we studied show a common phenomenon. They exhibit two of the typical spectroscopic properties of the solutions containing biological macromolecules.
The perturbed waters exhibit spectra of Circular Dichroism spectra and emit Fluorescence spectra!
A positive result which could lead to a breakthrough in the study of EDS, typical dilutions of homeopathic pharmacology, well known to be indicated by detractors not informed of the progress of research in this field, such as “fresh water” and therefore unable to interact with the systems organic.
Prof. Vittorio Elia
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